People who shaped the United States 美国历史的塑造者

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18th Century 十八世纪

Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩

In 1776, Thomas Paine wrote two influential pamphlets, Common Sense and The American Crisis that inspired the patriots to declare independence from Great Britain. He also wrote many articles showing support for political revolution and republican ideals.

1776年，托马斯·潘恩写了两本具有影响力的小册子《常识》和《美国危机》，这两个册激发了爱国者宣布脱离英国独立。他还写了许多文章支持政治革命和共和理想。

Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰斐逊

The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) is also one of the Founding Fathers who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. In it he asserted the famous all men are created equal and they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. He also passed the Statute of Religious Liberty for Virginia, an early right to give freedom of worship in the United States.

美国第三任总统托马斯·杰斐逊（1743-1826）也是《独立宣言》的主要作者之一。他在宣言中写著名的“人人生而平等”，“都是被造物主赋予某些不可剥夺的权利，如生命、自由和追求幸福。”他还通过了弗吉尼亚的宗教自由法令，这是美国早期给予礼拜自由的权利。

Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林

Benjamin Franklin's formal education ended at the age of 10, but he later became one of the most influential Americans. He was a polymath, some of his skills are author, printer, scientist, inventor and diplomat. Furthermore, he was the person who proved that lightning could conduct electricity, amongst other achievements. When he served as American ambassador to France, he helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris.

本杰明·富兰克林10岁就辍学了，但后来他成为了美国最有影响力的人之一。他是个博学的人，他的一些技能包括作家、印刷工、科学家、发明家和外交家。此外，他还证明了闪电可以导电，不仅如此，他还做出了更多。当他担任美国驻法国大使时，他帮助谈判签订了巴黎条约。

George Washington 乔治·华盛顿

George Washington is the Father of the United States, he fought for the British before he turned against them when he resented the various taxes and restrictions being imposed on the colonies by the British crown. He lost many battles, but he kept his troops together and with the help of his French allies, was able to expel the British by 1783. He was overwhelmingly elected the first president of the United States in 1789.

乔治·华盛顿是美国之父，他开始是为英国而战，后来因为不满英国皇室对殖民地征收的各种税收和限制而转反对英国。尽管前期输掉了许多战役，但他将率领军队不放弃，1783年，在法国盟友的帮助下赶走了英国。他在1789年以压倒性多数当选为美国第一任总统。

Alexander Hamilton 亚历山大·汉密尔顿

Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804) is also a Founding Father, he served as the first United States Secretary of the Treasury. He established a national bank, a taxation system to pay off debt and negotiated trade deals with Great Britain.

亚历山大·汉密尔顿（1755-1804）是一位开国元勋之一，曾任美国第一任财政部长。他建立了国家银行和偿还债务的税收体系，还与英国谈判达成贸易协议。

James Madison 詹姆斯·麦迪逊

James Madison (1751-1836) was the fourth president of the US and was responsible for drafting the United States Constitution and the United States Bill of Rights. In 1788, along with Hamilton and John Jay, he wrote the Federalist Papers, which strongly advocated support for the US constitution.

詹姆斯·麦迪逊（1751-1836）是美国第四任总统，他起草了美国宪法和美国人权法案。1788年，他与汉密尔顿和约翰·杰伊一起撰写了《联邦论》，强烈倡导美国宪法。

19th Century 十九世纪

Abraham Lincoln 亚伯拉罕·林肯

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) was US president 1861-1865. He led the union into a civil war to prevent a split between states in the north and south. During the war, Lincoln also promoted a bill to end slavery in the United States.

亚伯拉罕·林肯（1809-1865）是1861-1865年期间的美国总统。他领导了联邦内战，还避免了美国南北分裂。在战争期间，林肯还推动了一项结束美国奴隶制的法案。

Margaret Fuller 玛格丽特·富勒

Margaret Fuller (1810-1850) was a leading proponent of women's rights. She was the first woman to be the editor of New York Tribune and wrote influential articles on books about women's rights and progressive social policies.

玛格丽特·富勒（1810-1850）是妇女权利的主要支持者。她是第一位担任《纽约论坛报》编辑的女性，并就有关妇女权利和进步社会政策的书籍撰写了有影响力的文章。

Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈里特·比彻·斯托

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) , was an author who helped popularize the anti-slavery movement. Her book Uncle Tom's Cabin depicted life under slavery and helped to mobilize public opinion in the North against slavery.

哈里特·比彻·斯托（1811-1896）是帮助普及反奴隶制运动的作家。她的书《汤姆叔叔的小屋》描述了奴隶制下的生活，有助于动员北方反对奴隶制的舆论。

Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼

Walt Whitman (1819-1892), Poet who provided a bridge between Transcendentalism and Realism. He is considered America's first great poet.

沃尔特·惠特曼（1819-1892），在先验主义和现实主义之间架起桥梁的诗人。他被认为是美国第一位伟大的诗人。

Harriet Tubman 哈丽特·塔布曼

Harriet Tubman (1822-1913) escaped from slavery but returned on many dangerous missions to Maryland where she helped lead slaves to freedom. She also served as agent and leader during the Civil War. She became a symbol of the abolition movement.

哈里特·塔布曼（1822-1913），塔布曼本人是从奴隶制度中自己逃脱，但她后来回到马里兰州执行许多危险的任务帮助大量的奴隶走向自由。在内战期间，她还担任代理人和领导人。她后来成了废奴运动的象征。

Booker T. Washington 布克·T·华盛顿

Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) was an Author and orator, Washington was an adviser to the presidents Roosevelt and Taft. He was the de facto leader of African-Americans. He advocated an incremental approach to improving education and the life prospects of African Americans.

布克·T·华盛顿（1856-1915）是作者和兼演说家，华盛顿担任过罗斯福总统和塔夫脱总统的顾问。他是非裔美国人的实际领袖。他主张采取循序渐进的方法来改善非裔美国人的教育和生活前景。

Twentieth Century till today 二十世纪至今

Thomas Edison 托马斯·爱迪生

Thomas Edison (1847-1931) was one of the most prolific inventors of all time. He helped to usher in the electricity revolution inventing the electric light bulb and providing one of the first domestic electricity networks in the world.

托马斯·爱迪生（1847-1931），爱迪生是有史以来最多产的发明家之一。他帮助开创了电力革命，发明了电灯泡，并提供了世界上最早的国内电网之一。

Woodrow Wilson 伍德罗•威尔逊

Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) was a president who opposed war but he finally took the US into World War One in 1917. After the war, it was Wilson who sought to establish a League of Nations and provide a framework for resolving international conflict.

伍德罗•威尔逊（1856-1924）本来是一位反对战争的总统；他后来在1917年把美国带入了第一次世界大战。战后，正是威尔逊寻求建立一个国际联盟为解决国际争端提供一个框架。

Franklin D. Roosevelt 富兰克林·罗斯福

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) was a US President from 1932 to 1945. F.D.R. was responsible for overseeing an expansion of the federal government as he sought to mitigate the effects of the Great Depression in the 1930s. Initially, he kept America out of World War Two although he supported Great Britain with material help. After Pearl Harbor, F.D.R. took the United States into war against both Germany and Japan.

富兰克林•罗斯福（1882-1945）在1932-1945年任美国总统。他负责了监督联邦政府的扩张，也试图减轻20世纪30年代大萧条的损失。最初，他反对也没有允许美国参加第二次世界大战，尽管他在物质帮助下支持英国。珍珠港事件后，罗斯福将美国带入了对德日两国打战。

Henry Ford 亨利·福特

Henry Ford (1863-1947) was a businessman who revolutionized mass car production. His Ford assembly lines were so efficient they reduced the cost of family cars making them available to average workers for the first time.

亨利·福特（1863-1947）是一位革新了大规模汽车生产的商人。他的福特装配线效率很高，首次降低了家庭用车的成本，使普通工人也买得起车。

Rosa Parks 罗莎•帕克斯

Rosa Parks (1913-2005), in 1955, she became a principal figure in the US civil rights movement. Her refusal to give up her seat on a bus began the hugely influential Alabama bus boycott. She became an important figure in the US civil rights movement.

罗莎•帕克斯（1913-2005），她在1955年时成为美国民权运动的主要人物。她在公共汽车上拒绝给白人让座位，这样就开始了极具影响力的阿拉巴马公共汽车抵制运动。后来她成为了美国民权运动的重要人物。

Martin Luther King 马丁·路德·金

Martin Luther King (1929-1968) was the leading figure in the US civil rights movement during the 1960s. In 1963, his I Have a Dream speech became a clarion call for an end to racism and segregation. He also became involved in opposing the Vietnam war and highlighting issues of poverty.

马丁·路德·金（1929-1968）是20世纪60年代美国民权运动的领军人物，1963年，他的“我有一个梦想”演讲成为了结束种族主义和种族隔离的口号。他还参与了反对越南战和强调解决贫困问题的活动。

Malcolm X 马尔科姆 X

Malcolm X (1925-1965) was a radical alternative to Martin Luther King's approach to civil rights. Malcolm X advocated a segregationist brand of the civil rights struggle.

马尔科姆X（1925-1965）是马丁·路德·金民权观的激进替代者。马尔科姆·X提倡种族隔离主义的民权斗争。

Ronald Reagan 罗纳德·里根

Ronald Reagan (1911-2004) as President, he challenged the post-war consensus of Keynesian economics and welfare state, overseeing large tax cuts and a rise in defense spending. Reagan was president during a period of easing in cold war tensions with the Soviet Union.

罗纳德里根（1911-2004）作为总统，他挑战了战后凯恩斯主义经济学和福利国家的共识，监督了大规模减税和国防开支的增长。在里根时代，美国与苏联冷战紧张局势趋于缓和下来了。

George W Bush Jr 小布什

George W Bush Jr (1946- ) was a president from 2000-2008. After 9/11 in 2001, he took the US to war in Afghanistan and Iraq.

小布什（1946-）在2000-2008年任总统。2001年911事件后，他带领美国在阿富汗和伊拉克开战。

Barack Obama 巴拉克·奥巴马

Barack Obama (1961- ) was the first black US president. After only one year as president, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in the hope he would be able to promote greater international co-operation.

巴拉克·奥巴马（1961-）美国第一位黑人总统。仅仅当了一年总统，他就被授予诺贝尔和平奖，希望他能够促进更大的国际合作。

Jesse Owens 杰西·欧文斯

Jesse Owens (1935-1977) Winning gold medals at 'Hitler's' Olympics in 1936 was an iconic statement against racial prejudice.

杰西·欧文斯（1935-1977）在1936年的“希特勒”奥运会上获得金牌，他的胜利是反对种族偏见的标志性声明。

Dwight Eisenhower 德怀特·艾森豪威尔

Dwight Eisenhower - Supreme Allied Commander during D-Day landings and the Allied defeat of Nazi Germany. President from 1952-1960.

德怀特·艾森豪威尔-盟军诺曼底登陆和击败纳粹德国的最高指挥官。他1952-1960年任美国总统。

Muhammad Ali 穆罕默德·阿里

Muhammad Ali  (1942- ) was an American professional boxer, human rights activist, and philanthropist. Nicknamed "The Greatest", he is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century and as one of the greatest boxers of all time.

穆罕默德·阿里（1942-）是美国职业拳击手、人权活动家和慈善家。又称“最伟大的”，他被认为是20世纪最重要和最著名的体育人物之一，他是有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。

Walt Disney 瓦尔特·迪士尼

Walt Disney (1901-1966) was an American entrepreneur, animator, writer, voice actor and film producer. He was a pioneer of the American animation industry, and he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. 

华特迪士尼（1901-1966）是一位美国企业家、动画师、作家、配音演员和电影制片人。他是美国动画产业的先驱人，他介绍了动画片制作的几项进展。作为一名电影制作人，迪斯尼保持着个人获得的大多数奥斯卡奖的纪录，从59项提名中获得了22项奥斯卡奖。

Neil Armstrong 尼尔·阿姆斯特朗

Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) was a US Pilot and is famous for being the first person to set foot on the Moon. He was a part of the Apollo 11 spaceflight alongside Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins. Apollo 11’s success in 1969 opened a new era of space exploration. 

尼尔·阿姆斯特朗（1930-2012）曾是一位美国飞行员，以第一个登上月球而闻名的人。他与巴兹·奥尔德林和迈克尔·柯林斯一起参加了阿波罗11号的太空飞行。1969年阿波罗11号的成功开启了太空探索的新纪元。

Oprah Winfrey 奥普拉·温弗瑞

Oprah Winfrey (1954- ) is an American media executive, actress, talk show host, television producer, and philanthropist. Her talk show, The Oprah Winfrey Show, was the highest-rated television program of its kind in history and ran in national syndication. Also known as the "Queen of All Media", she was the richest African American of the 20th century and North America's first black multi-billionaire, she has also been ranked the greatest black philanthropist in American history. By 2007, she was ranked as the most influential woman in the world.

奥普拉·温弗里（1954-）是美国媒体主管、演员、脱口秀主持人、电视制片人和慈善家。她的脱口秀《奥普拉·温弗里脱口秀》（Oprah Winfrey show）是有史以来收视率最高的电视节目，在全国银团中运营了25年。她还被称为“全媒体女王”，是20世纪最富有的非裔美国人和北美第一位黑人亿万富翁，她还被评为美国历史上最伟大的黑人慈善家。在2007年，她被评为世界上最有影响力的女性。

Billie Jean King 比莉·让·金

Billie Jean King (1943-) was a women's tennis player. One of the most successful professional players. Billie Jean King helped women gain equal recognition in a male-dominated sporting arena.

比莉·让·金（1943-）曾是女子网球运动员，最成功的职业球员之一。她帮助女性在男性主导的运动场上获得平等的认可。

Michael Jackson 迈克尔·杰克逊

Michael Jackson (1958-2009), was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. He is also known as the "King of Pop", and is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century as well as one of the greatest entertainers in the history of music. Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.

迈克尔杰克逊（1958-2009），美国歌手，作曲家，舞蹈家。他还被誉为“流行之王”，他被认为是20世纪最重要的文化人物之一，也是音乐史上最伟大的艺人之一。杰克逊对音乐、舞蹈和时尚的贡献，以及他公开的个人生活使他在40多年的流行文化中成为一个全球影响最大的人物。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

Bill Gates (1955- ) Founded Microsoft. Bill Gates became the richest man in the world in 1995. His Microsoft operating system has become one of the most widely used products in the computer age.

比尔盖茨（1955-）创立了微软公司。比尔·盖茨在一九九五年成为了世界上最富有的人。他的微软操作系统已经成为计算机时代应用最广泛的产品之一。

Steve Jobs 乔布斯

The late Steve Jobs cofounded Apple in 1976, but he was fired in 1985 by the then CEO John Sculley. By 1997, Apple was near bankrupt company, but Steve Jobs returned as Interim CEO and rest is history.

已故的史蒂夫•乔布斯于1976年与其伙伴创立了苹果公司，但他在1985年被当时的首席执行官约翰•斯库利解雇。到1997年，苹果公司濒临破产，但史蒂夫•乔布斯重新出任临时首席执行官，然后创造了历史。

Donald Trump 唐纳德·特朗普

Donald Trump (1946- ) is the U.S. business magnate, investor, television personality and 45th president of the U.S. Trump upset political predictions to beat Hilary Clinton. His policies include travel bans from Muslim countries and building a wall between Mexico and the United States.

唐纳德·特朗普（1946-）美国商业巨头、投资者、电视名人和美国第45任总统。出乎普遍的政治预期，特朗普击败了希拉里·克林顿当选。他的政策包括穆斯林国家的旅行禁令和在墨美之间修建一堵墙。

Citation 文献引用:

Pettinger, Tejvan. “People who changed the US”, Oxford, UK.

www.biographyonline.net.

www.history.com.

End

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